Why Is My Senior Dog Losing Balance? Signs of Old Dog Vestibular Disease and When to See a Veterinarian

What Is Old Dog Vestibular Disease in Dogs?

Vertigo is experienced by nearly 40% of adult humans during their lifetime–but did you know that dogs—especially senior dogs—can experience similar problems? 

A senior dog may suddenly develop "old dog vestibular disease," also known as Idiopathic Vestibular Syndrome, which has no known underlying cause.

Signs and Symptoms of Old Dog Vestibular Disease: 

Old dog vestibular disease affects a dog’s balance and coordination. Located in the inner ear, the vestibular system controls balance and spatial orientation. Signs of this disease include:

1. Sudden head tilt

2. Falling or leaning to one side

3. Walking in circles

4. Loss of balance or inability to stand and a reluctance to walk

5. Rapid eye movements (nystagmus: aka a flickering eye movement)

6. Nausea or vomiting (due to dizziness)

7. Disorientation or appearing “drunk”

8. Anxiety or panic, often resulting from the sensation of spinning

When Should You Take a Dog with Balance Problems to the Emergency Vet? 

If your dog is experiencing any of the following symptoms, take your pet to the ER immediately: inability to eat or drink, facial paralysis, continuous or severe vomiting, collapse or inability to walk (especially suddenly), neurological signs worsening after 24 to 48 hours, loss of consciousness, seizure activity, suspected toxin exposure, and pain when touching the ears or neck. A veterinarian needs to rule out other potentially emergent causes of your dog's discomfort.

Don't Assume Balance Problems Are Just Old Age 

If your senior dog is experiencing any of the eight signs listed above but it’s not an emergency, it’s still important to schedule an appointment with your veterinarian and not assume that the balance issues are caused by old age. 

While the symptoms of “old dog vestibular disease” may initially look scary, and are sometimes mistaken for a stroke, improvement is commonly seen quickly with supportive care. This can include anti-nausea and anti-motion sickness medications.

How to Care for a Dog with Vestibular Disease at Home 

1. Keep your pet off stairs if they are unstable. Use baby gates to block staircases.

2. Place rugs or yoga mats on slippery floors for traction.

3. Support your dog with a sling under the abdomen during bathroom trips.

4. Keep food and water bowls nearby and elevated, if needed. Hand-feed or offer bland food if they are having nausea.

5. Discuss anti-nausea medication with your veterinarian if your dog has nausea.

6. Avoid leaving dogs unattended near pools, decks, or furniture edges.

7. Help your dog get in and out of vehicles to reduce falls and jumping.

8. Limit jumping on furniture until balance improves.

9. Encourage rest in a confined, padded area.